TD NEREUS 05-2014
Rafael Perez Marcos, Carlos Roberto Azzoni e Joaquim José Martins Guilhoto
Ao longo da última década o Brasil apresentou crescimento econômico razoável e melhora na distribuição de renda, embora ainda esteja longe de ter uma distribuição de renda satisfatória. Este trabalho investiga os fatores que explicam a recente queda na desigualdade de renda, a partir de Matrizes de Contabilidade Social inter-regionais de 2004 e 2009. São analisados os impactos na desigualdade de mudanças: na estrutura produtiva, no perfil de consumo das famílias, na estrutura de remuneração das atividades produtivas, na demanda final e no Programa Bolsa Família. O aumento na exigência de trabalhadores mais qualificados e de seus salários e a expansão do Programa Bolsa Família são os grandes responsáveis pela queda na desigualdade no período. As mudanças no padrão de consumo, na estrutura produtiva e na demanda final, embora tenham sido relevantes, têm impacto marginal sobre a mudança na desigualdade de renda.
TD-NEREUS-04-2014
Marco Antonio Montoya, Cássia Aparecida Pasqual, Ricardo Luis Lopes e Joaquim José Martins Guilhoto
O artigo avalia a dimensão econômica e ambiental do agronegócio da economia brasileira na década de 2000. Para isso, estima uma Matriz Energética com 56 setores consumidores compatíveis com os 56 setores apresentados pela MIP do Brasil para os anos de 2000, 2005 e 2009. Verificou-se uma tendência estável da participação relativa do agronegócio no PIB do país, um consumo crescente de energia renovável e, uma redução significativa das emissões de CO2 oriundas de energia não renovável. Portanto, conclui-se que o agronegócio apresenta perspectivas e resultados que vêm conciliando suas atividades econômicas com a preservação do meio ambiente.
TD NEREUS 03-2014
Ana Maria Bonomi Barufi
This paper aims to discuss how agglomerations economies are present in the equilibrium outcomes of the Brazilian formal labor market. We make use of an individual-firm panel database from the Ministry of Labor (RAIS) with information for six years (2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2012). With the panel data setting, it is not only possible to account for individual unobserved characteristics constant in time, but also for sector and area effects. Moreover, by identifying skills according to the occupational position of the individuals in each firm, it is possible to control for the proximity to different skill levels (in the sector and municipality) to account for different levels of production knowledge externalities. Individual fixed effects control the potential endogeneity of the labor quality. In the case of labor quantity endogeneity, even if there is no consensus of how to best control for it, instruments based on long time lags are considered. The results show that there is a positive and significant effect of density over wages (Urban Economics literature), even when controlling for other relevant characteristics. Moreover, a measure of market potential, related to the New Economic Geography literature, does not capture this positive relationship with wages in the same way, changing sign in a specific setting. Finally, considering a quantile regression approach, there is an indication that agglomeration economies reinforce wage inequality, with a higher effect for the upper part of the wage distribution.
TD NEREUS 02-2014
Eduardo A. Haddad, Nadim Farajalla, Marina Camargo, Ricardo Lopes and Flavio Vieira
We analyze the susceptibility of agricultural outputs to future climate change in Lebanon, and the extent to which it propagates to the economic system as a whole. We use a methodological framework in which physical and economic models are integrated for assessing the higher-order economic impacts of projected climate changes. We quantify the broader economic impacts in the country considering not only the temporal dimension but also the regional disaggregation of the results. We show that there are potential high costs and risks associated with a burden to the poorer and more vulnerable regions of the country.
TD NEREUS 01-2014
Otávio J. G. Sidone, Eduardo A. Haddad and Jesús P. Mena-Chalco
Brazilian scholarly outputs have had rapid growth that was accompanied by an expansion of domestic research collaboration. In this paper, we identify spatial patterns of research collaboration in Brazil, as well as measure the role of geographical proximity in determining the interaction among Brazilian researchers. Using a database comprised of over one million researchers and seven million publications registered in the Brazilian Lattes Platform, we collect and consolidate information on inter-regional research collaboration in terms of scientific co-authorship networks among 4,615 municipalities over the period between 1992 and 2009, which enabled a range of data analysis unprecedented in literature. The effects of geographical distance on collaboration are measured for different knowledge areas under the estimation of spatial interaction models. The main results suggest strong evidence of geographical deconcentration of collaboration in recent years with an increased participation of authors in scientifically less traditional regions, such as South and Northeast Brazil. Additionally, the distance still is significant in determining the intensity of knowledge flows in scientific collaboration networks in Brazil since the increase of 100 kilometers between two researchers implies the average reduction on 16% of the probability of collaboration and there is no evidence that its effect has diminished over time, although the magnitude of such effects varies among networks of different knowledge areas.